The US and Germany will send main battle tanks to Kyiv, a significant increase of western military aid that was condemned by Russia and prompted cheers throughout Ukraine.

The US will be sending 31 M1 Abrams tanks to Ukraine — or the equivalent of one Ukrainian tank battalion, senior Biden administration officials confirmed on Wednesday.

Earlier in the day, Germany announced it would send 14 Leopard 2A6 tanks from stocks held by its army. Berlin also announced plans to team up with other European countries to create two tank battalions of the German-made Leopard 2s, which equates to about 90 tanks.

Both the Abrams and the Leopard are among the best-rated modern main battle tanks in the world and Kyiv has argued it needs them to break through a front line that has barely budged in recent weeks and reconquer occupied territory. It also says it needs western tanks to deter a renewed Russian offensive that is expected in the early spring.

The co-ordinated US-German decision puts an end to months of hesitation in Berlin, where officials pondered the risk of escalating the conflict, and in Washington, where their prospect of getting the heavy vehicles on the ground in Ukraine did not seem practical.

“Armoured capabilities will improve the Ukrainian’s ability to manoeuvre, which is a critical asset for Ukraine as they continue to defend and reclaim their territory,” said one senior US administration official.

The US move to send tanks to Ukraine comes after a flurry of diplomatic activity aimed at stepping up support to Ukraine, particularly between Berlin and Washington, where officials in both capitals dropped their resistance to sending the advanced weapons systems in recent days.

Speaking from the White House on Wednesday, US president Joe Biden said Ukraine needed “an enduring capability to deter and defend from Russian aggression” but warned that “delivering these tanks to the field is going to take time”. He also thanked German chancellor Olaf Scholz. “Germany has really stepped up,” Biden said.

Earlier in the day, Biden spoke to Scholz, France president Emmanuel Macron, Italy prime minister Giorgia Meloni and UK prime minister Rishi Sunak to further co-ordinate support for Ukraine. Jake Sullivan, the US national security adviser, met his German, French and British counterparts in Washington for two days.

“It’s an impressive display of unity nearly a year into the conflict,” one senior Biden administration official said. “President Biden’s guiding principle throughout this conflict has been to rally the world to support Ukraine and maintain allied unity — and that’s exactly what’s happening here.”

Speaking in parliament earlier on Wednesday, Scholz said Germany would “always be out ahead when it comes to supporting Ukraine” and dismissed criticism that he had hesitated too long in heeding Kyiv’s calls for help. The chancellor said that when it came to military aid “we have to co-ordinate closely with others”.

Scholz said that whenever Germany had stepped up its arms supplies to Ukraine — providing tank howitzers, rocket launchers, air defence systems and infantry fighting vehicles — it had only done so “after our most important alliance partners in North America and here in the EU had acted in a similar manner”.

He also said Germany would stand by Ukraine “but must at the same time prevent the war escalating into a war between Russia and Nato”. Many in Berlin had feared that sending tanks would increase the risk of a direct confrontation between Russia and the transatlantic alliance.

Ukraine president Volodymyr Zelenskyy responded to the announcements in his nightly address: “Today is a day of extremely good news for Ukraine. There is a tank coalition. There is a decision to launch the supply of tanks for our defence — modern tanks. I thank all of our allies for their willingness to provide us with modern and much-needed tanks.

“The key thing now is speed and volume,” he added. “The speed of training of our military, the speed of supplying tanks to Ukraine and the volume of tank support. We must form a tank fist of freedom that will not allow tyranny to stand up again. We can do it. Together, just as we are making decisions today.”

Nato secretary-general Jens Stoltenberg said the decision “can help Ukraine to defend itself, win and prevail as an independent nation”.

“I strongly welcome the leadership of [Scholz] and Germany in providing Leopard 2 tanks to Ukraine in consultation with other Nato allies and partners,” he added.

As well as announcing its own supplies of tanks to Ukraine, Germany, which as manufacturer of the Leopards has a say over their resale and re-export, said it would give the green light to all countries who wanted to send their Leopard 2s to Kyiv.

Both the Leopard and the Abrams would take several months to reach Ukraine, according to German and US officials. The German and US governments will also provide training for Ukrainian soldiers, as well as fuel and equipment to operate and repair the tanks.

Russia’s ambassador to Germany, Sergei Nechayev, said the German move was an “extremely dangerous decision” which “raises the conflict to a new level of hostilities”. He accused Berlin of neglecting its “historical responsibility to our country” for the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in the second world war and choosing a “permanent escalation” of tensions over the war in Ukraine.

The US move to supply Germany with Abrams tanks was also “doomed to failure”, said Dmitry Peskov, Russia president Vladimir Putin’s spokesperson. “They are clearly overestimating the potential this will give the Ukrainian armed forces.”

News of Germany’s decision to send its tanks to Kyiv was met with jubilation by Ukrainians, who showed their excitement and appreciation online — especially sartorially.

In a social media “flash mob” organised under the hashtag “#freetheleopards”, Ukrainians shared photos of themselves dressed in leopard-print shirts, coats, trousers, bodysuits and sunglasses.

Ukrainian politician Inna Sovsun shared a photo of herself wearing a leopard-print blouse inside the parliament hall. Soldier Dmitry Mrachnik posted an image of himself brandishing his Kalashnikov rifle and draped in a leopard-patterned blanket he had slept under on the frontline for months.

“I don’t wear leopard print normally, but for tanks I’ll do this,” journalist Anastasia Stanko told the Financial Times.

Tetiana Shevchuk, legal counsel for Ukraine’s Anti-Corruption Action Centre, said Ukrainian women were now discussing what clothes to wear to bring attention to Ukraine’s need for American F-16 fighter jets. While the aircraft’s official name is the Fighting Falcon, it is affectionately known as the Viper because of its resemblance to the snake.

“I think I’ll need to get something in viper pattern,” she said.

Additional reporting by Henry Foy in Brussels